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>Chapter 52. Index Access Method Interface Definition</H1
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>Table of Contents</B
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><DT
>52.1. <A
HREF="index-catalog.html"
>Catalog Entries for Indexes</A
></DT
><DT
>52.2. <A
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>Index Access Method Functions</A
></DT
><DT
>52.3. <A
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>Index Scanning</A
></DT
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>52.4. <A
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>Index Locking Considerations</A
></DT
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>52.5. <A
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>Index Uniqueness Checks</A
></DT
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>52.6. <A
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>Index Cost Estimation Functions</A
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>   This chapter defines the interface between the core
   <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> system and <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>index access
   methods</I
>, which manage individual index types.  The core system
   knows nothing about indexes beyond what is specified here, so it is
   possible to develop entirely new index types by writing add-on code.
  </P
><P
>   All indexes in <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> are what are known
   technically as <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>secondary indexes</I
>; that is, the index is
   physically separate from the table file that it describes.  Each index
   is stored as its own physical <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>relation</I
> and so is described
   by an entry in the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_class</TT
> catalog.  The contents of an
   index are entirely under the control of its index access method.  In
   practice, all index access methods divide indexes into standard-size
   pages so that they can use the regular storage manager and buffer manager
   to access the index contents.  (All the existing index access methods
   furthermore use the standard page layout described in <A
HREF="storage-page-layout.html"
>Section 55.6</A
>, and they all use the same format for index
   tuple headers; but these decisions are not forced on an access method.)
  </P
><P
>   An index is effectively a mapping from some data key values to
   <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>tuple identifiers</I
>, or <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>TIDs</ACRONYM
>, of row versions
   (tuples) in the index's parent table.  A TID consists of a
   block number and an item number within that block (see <A
HREF="storage-page-layout.html"
>Section 55.6</A
>).  This is sufficient
   information to fetch a particular row version from the table.
   Indexes are not directly aware that under MVCC, there might be multiple
   extant versions of the same logical row; to an index, each tuple is
   an independent object that needs its own index entry.  Thus, an
   update of a row always creates all-new index entries for the row, even if
   the key values did not change.  (HOT tuples are an exception to this
   statement; but indexes do not deal with those, either.)  Index entries for
   dead tuples are reclaimed (by vacuuming) when the dead tuples themselves
   are reclaimed.
  </P
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